Nov 01, 2017 Moreover, the exergy destruction due to chemical reactions of rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is 20.4%, 27.1% and 5.1%, respectively. It is also found that combustion is the dominant factor for the efficiency loss of rotary dryer and rotary kiln and slag with high temperature contributes most for the efficiency loss of electric

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H.Y. Sohn, M. Olivas-Martinez, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 2.3.1.2.4.3 Rotary Kiln. The rotary kiln is used to process the lead-containing components resulting from the breaking and separation of waste batteries. The main components of a rotary kiln are an inclined cylindrical, refractory-lined reaction shaft equipped to rotate over rollers and a burner

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In addition, the direct reduction magnetic separation process [14], rotary kiln-electric furnace process [15, 16] and rotary kiln-melting reduction process [17,18] are used to produce the

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Aug 26, 2021 Material and energy flows in rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting of ferronickel alloy with energy saving Appl. Therm. Eng. , 109 ( 2016 ) , pp. 542 - 559 , 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.095 Article Download PDF CrossRef View Record in Scopus Google Scholar

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Oct 01, 2020 The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is one of the most efficient ferronickel production technologic route, where the feed is usually pre-reduced in a rotary kiln at 800–950 C followed by reduction smelting at 1500–1550 C in an electric furnace for the separation of alloy from slag (Li et al., 2015; Li et al., 2012; Rao et al

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Jan 18, 2014 Blast-furnace technology for NPI was superseded by the electric arc furnace (EAF), which has now been undercut by the rotary kiln electric furnace (RKEF). The RKEF route uses less power, in part because it requires its output to be charged directly into crude steel production. ... Production rose to more than 18 million tons in 2013, from about

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electric furnaces in aluminum and steel smelting. Petroleum coke calcining may be achieved in a rotary kiln, shaft calciner and rotary hearth. A rotary . kiln. is a device that supplies tremendous amounts of heat in order to change the chemical composition of an object. It

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Direct Reduction Process. Direct reduction process takes place in a shaft furnace, rotary kiln, or fluidized beds at typical temperatures of 800−1200 C through a reducing gas, such as syngas or pure hydrogen. From: Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2021. Download as PDF. About this page

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Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption. In this study, aiming to provide some meaningful guidance for ferronickel production of RKEF smelting, reductive roasting followed by smelting process

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The operation produces ferronickel via the rotary kiln-electric furnace process. Company is currently operating a single line with one electric furnace and two lines of calcine and rotary kilns, with nominal capacity estimated at 27,000 metric tons per year

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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external heating rotary kiln in which a ceramic core tube is protected against cracking while ensuring a high thermal efficiency. SOLUTION: A ceramic core tube 1 is covered with a metallic protective tube 2 and supported softly, at the parts covering the opposite ends of the core tube 1, by a ground packing 4 used as a shaft sealing member at the rotary part

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The rotary kiln process, famous as Waelz process, is the most popular in this category and tens of units are working in the world. As it is difficult to operate small size kiln, the kiln plant should be constructed as a large scale to collect the dust from several arc furnace plants. It is

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(Received on December 4, 2013; accepted on May 7, 2014) Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the main technology to deal with nickel laterite for the fer-ronickel alloy production in the world. However, this process needs huge amount of electric power due to the large ratio of slag to metal

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Nov 19, 2021 The rotary kiln had 1.5 m diameter and 12.5 m length. The hot pre-reduced feeds were then charged into the electric furnace, and the molten ferronickel and slag were discharged through an outlet after smelting at 1550 20 C for 4–6 h. The height and inner diameter of the electric furnace were 2.5 m and 2.5 m, respectively. The furnace

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2013-2014 The company began the construction of nickel smelter with 2 Blast Furnace through the formation of PT Bintang Smelter Indonesia with an annual output capacity of 40,000 MT. In 2014, PT Bintang Smelter Indonesia (BSI) was incorporated as a subsidiary company of PT IFISHDECO (IFSH)

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1999. Ferronikeli plant was bombarded during the conflict in Kosova in year 1999. 1984. The two line plant was built in 1984 using largely Soviet technology, but with certain elements such as the electric furnaces, rotary kilns and casting machines, based on Western designs. 1958

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Oct 25, 2016 The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the one of the most widely adopted technological process for ferronickel smelting production. A schematic of the RKEF process with rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is shown in Fig. 1. As depicted, the RKFF process involves three main processes: the dehydration process in rotary dryer; the roasting and pre-reduction process in

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The invention provides a method for producing ferronickel by adopting a rotary kiln direct reduction-RKEF (Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace) combination method. The method comprises the following steps: drying a laterite nickel ore for later use; crushing and screening an appropriate amount of the dried laterite nickel ore, and then mixing the screened laterite nickel ore with a carbonaceous

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The invention relates to a method for reducing nickel ore by using a reducing rotary kiln and producing ferronickel by rusting an electric furnace. The production method comprises the processes of: preparing raw materials, directly reducing via the rotary kiln, cooling via a cooling kiln, selecting, rusting, and smelting by the electric furnace

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